Which action best represents active resistance?

Active resistance is characterized by behaviors that actively oppose or refuse to comply with an authority figure's instructions, thereby necessitating an immediate response to manage the situation. The action of a subject tightening up or pulling away to prevent control embodies this concept, as it physically demonstrates an unwillingness to comply with attempts to gain control, prompting a need for law enforcement to intervene.

The other actions listed, while they do indicate some form of resistance, do not fit the definition of active resistance as closely. For instance, simply verbally indicating a refusal to cooperate is more passive than physical resistance. Similarly, raising fists in a threatening manner can be seen as an aggressive action but does not necessarily show active resistance to control; it could also indicate intent to fight rather than a refusal to comply. Running away from law enforcement, although it illustrates evasion, is more aligned with flight response rather than directly resisting control at the moment an officer attempts to engage.